A transformer is a device for stepping-up, or stepping-down, the voltage of an alternating electric signal. Without efficient transformers, the transmission and distribution of AC electric power over long distances would be impossible. There are two circuits. Namely, the primary circuit, and the secondary circuit. There is no direct electrical connection between the two circuits, but each circuit contains a coil which links it inductively to the other circuit. In real transformers, the two coils are wound onto the same iron core. The purpose of the iron core is to channel the magnetic flux generated by the current flowing around the primary coil, so that as much of it as possible also links the secondary coil. The common magnetic flux linking the two coils is conventionally denoted in circuit diagrams by a number of parallel straight lines drawn between the coils.
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